GEARBOX

The most common use of a Gearbox or Transmission is used is in the motor vehicle, where the gearbox is adapted to an engine to drive the wheels. The gearbox reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed, increasing torque. The gearbox is also used on motorcycles, fixed machines, and anywhere else rotational speed and torque needs to be adapted to change the speed or torque.

A motor vehicle power source requires a gearbox transmission system which provides controlled application of the power. A gearbox is an assembly of parts including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an engine to an axle coupled to a differential which again has its own final drive gear ratio. The word transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device such as the differential.

In English the term transmission refers to the whole drive train which basically includes the gearbox, clutch, propeller shaft, differential and final drive shafts. In American English, however, the distinction is made that a gearbox is any device which converts speed and torque, whereas a transmission is a type of gearbox that can be "shifted" to dynamically change the speed or the torque ratio, such as in a motor propelled vehicle.

Often, a transmission will have multiple gear ratios, with the ability to switch between them as speed varies. This may be done manually by means of a gearshift via a flywheel and clutch by the operator of the vehicle, or automatically through an automatic gearbox which changes gears automatically. Directional forward and reverse control may also be provided through the gearbox. Single-ratio gearboxes are also used in motor vehicles which simply change the speed and torque and direction of the engines output.

In motor vehicle applications, the transmission will generally be connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The output of the transmission is transmitted via driveshaft to one or more differentials which may also provide gear reduction.

Dog leg layout gearboxes are desirable on performance cars and widely used in track and road racing because more frequent shifting occurs from second to third than from first to second gear.

Examples of cars that utilized this pattern for performance reasons include the BMW M535, Early 635CSi and M3 E30, BMW 2002 Tii and Turbo, Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16 and 2.5-16, Ferrari 308 GTB, Ferrari Testarossa, Porshe 914, 911, 924 Turbo. All these cars featured Getrag gearboxes in the standard production forms. These gearboxes can be found at automotive scrapyards around the country.

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