TOYOTA 4A-GE ENGINE
The most powerful of the 16-valve 4A-GE engines, commonly known as the "red top" which produces 100 kW and 140 hp at 6,600 RPM. The next major modification in the engine line up was the high-performance 4A-G, with the fuel injected version, the 4A-GE, being the most powerful. The 4A-GE was one of the earliest inline 4 cylinder engines to have both a DOHC 16 valve configuration and EFi.
The cylinder head was developed by the Yamaha Motor Corp. The reliability and performance of these engines has earned them a fair number of enthusiasts and a fan base as they are a popular choice for an engine swap into other Toyota cars.
The first-generation 4A-GE was introduced in 1983 replaced the 2T-G as Toyota's most popular twincam engine. This engine was identifiable via silver cam covers with the lettering on the upper cover painted black and blue. It was extremely light and strong for a production engine using an all-iron block, weighing in at only 123 kg over a 16% reduction compared to 2T-GEU engine.
The 4A-GE produced 112 hp (84 kW) at 6,600 rpm and 131 N·m of torque at 4,800 rpm. The use of a vane-type air flow meter, which restricted air flow slightly but produced cleaner emissions that was responsible for limited power.
Toyota designed the engine for street performance. The first generation 4A-GE nicknamed the "bigport engine" because it had intake ports of a very large cross sectional area. While the port cross-section was suitably designed for a very highly modified engine at high engine speeds which inevitably caused a considerable drop in low end torque.
The second-generation 4A-GE featured larger diameter bearings for the conrod big ends at 42mm and added four additional reinforcement ribs on the back of the engine block. It is visually similar to the first-generation engine The first- and second-generation engines are very popular with street racers and engine tuners because of their availability, ease of modification, simple design, and lightness of the cylinder block and cylinder head configurations.
The third-generation appeared in 1989. This engine has the silver cam covers with the words only written in red, hence the nickname "red top engine”. Toyota increased the compression ratio from 9.4:1 to 10.3:1 and to correct the air-speed problems of the earlier generations, the intake ports in this cylinder head were re-designed to have a smaller cross-section, and hence it has been nicknamed the "small port cylinder head”. Additional engine modifications to extend life and reliability included under piston cooling oil squirters, thicker more reliable conrods. The pistons were also changed from an 18mm to a 20mm fully floating gudgeon pin. This revision increased the power to 100 kW or 140 hp at 7200 rpm with a torque of 149 N·m of torque at 4800 rpm.
The front wheel drive Corolla was produced and all future Corolla or Sprinters were based around the FF layout. It should also be noted that all 4A-GE engines including the 20-valve versions featured a forged crankshaft.
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