The First Internal Combustion Engines
Siegfried Samuel Marcus was a German-born Austrian inventor and automobile pioneer. He was the first man who used gasoline for propelling a vehicle in 1870.
He fastened an internal combustion engine on a simple handcart. This appliance was designed for liquid combustibles and made him the first man propelling a vehicle by means of a gasoline propellant. Today this car known as “The Marcus Car”.
In 1883 Marcus was successful in patenting the first low voltage ignition of the magneto type that was given to Siegfried Marcus in Germany. This design was used for all further engine designs and paved the way for the future internal combustion engine.
In 1887, Marcus started a co-operation partnership with Märky, Bromovsky & Schulz. They offered a two stroke engine design and after the fall of the Otto Patent in 1886, four stroke engines of the Marcus type.
In 1888-89 Märky, Bromovsky & Schulz built the “Second Marcus Car”, which can still be admired in Vienna's Technical Museum. This car made Marcus well-known all over the world. Marcus was the holder of 131 patents in over 16 countries. He never applied for a patent for the motorcar and, of course, he never held one. In addition, he never claimed having invented the motorcar. His name was replaced with the names of Daimler and Benz.
Coincidentally, in 1807 Nicephore Niepce installed his 'moss, coal-dust and resin' fueled Pyreolophore internal combustion engine in a boat and powered up the river in France to be granted a patent. The discrete, virtually simultaneous, implementations of these two designs of internal combustion in different modes of transport means that the de Rivaz engine can be correctly described as 'the worlds first use of an internal combustion engine in an auto mobile in 1808.
In 1838 a patent was granted to William Barnet for the first recorded suggestion of in-cylinder compression engine.
In 1856 Pietro Benini realized a working prototype of the Italian engine supplying 5HP. In subsequent years he developed more powerful engines with one and two pistons, which served as steady power sources, replacing steam engines.
In 1878 Dugald Clerk designed the first two-stroke engine which he patented it in England in 1881.
In 1885 engineer Gottlieb Daiml received a German patent for a supercharger.
In 1896 Karl Benz invented the boxer engine, also known as the horizontally opposed engine, or the flat engine, in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead center at the same time, thus balancing each other in momentum.
In 1905 Alfred Buchi manages to patent the turbocharger and starts producing the first examples.
In 1926 Robert Goddard launches the first liquid fueled rocket
In 1954 Felix Wankel produces the first working prototype DKM 54 of the Wankel Rotary Engine.
Although various forms of internal combustion engines were developed before the 19th century, their use was hindered until the commercial drilling and production of petroleum began in the 1850’s. By the late 19th century, engineering advances led to their widespread adoption in a variety of applications.
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